Enterprise systems’ life cycle in pursuit of resilient smart factory for emerging aircraft industry: a synthesis of Critical Success Factors’(CSFs), theory,knowledge gaps,and implications

The research aims to investigate business value critical success factors (CSFs) of enterprise systems (ES) through their life cycle in pursuit of resilient smart factory for emerging aircraft industry. This article provides an extensive literature analysis of past 22 years based on conscientious criteria of authors: (i) who have published strategic content relevant to CSFs, (ii) received more than 300 citations and (iii) concurrently published two or more papers relevant to ES CSFs. The most cited strategic CSFs were termed as classical CSFs. The 22 CSFs were identified, validated and synthesised for better understanding of success across life cycle by aircraft industry experts. The top 10 empirically verified CSFs have numerous differences with past generic classical CSFs. This article canvases real insights of two distinct views: process and variance approaches of the ES CSFs. The process approach, which is a neglected research area, facilitates the researchers for identification of ES life cycle process coupled with a view of resource deployment when it is needed the most. While the variance approach facilitates practitioners and researchers in finding out which resource (CSF) is relatively more important. The significant findings for ES life cycle can help the practitioners and researchers to make rational decisions throughout the ES life cycle.     

Unemployment and econometric learning

We apply well-known results of the econometric learning literature to the Mortensen and Pissarides real business cycle model. Agents can always learn the unique rational expectations equilibrium (REE), for all possible well-defined sets of parameter values, by using the minimum-state-variable solution to the model and decreasing gain learning. From this perspective the assumption of rational expectations in the model could be seen as reasonable. But using a parametrisation with UK data, simulations show that the speed of convergence to the REE is slow. This type of learning dampens the cyclical response of unemployment to small structural shocks.     

Working capital (mis)management – impact of executive age

Several recent studies have used the upper echelons theory to explain the impact of personal traits of top executives on various corporate policies. In this, first of its kind, study we find that older executives invest more in working capital; take longer to convert inventories to cash; and pay their suppliers sooner. These findings are consistent with the argument that risk aversion increases with executive age. Our findings indicate that executive age has significant bearing on working capital management policies. This study also initiates new avenues in research relating behavioral aspect of executives with short‐term financial management.     

论价值工程在软件项目管理中的应用

随着社会经济的发展和产业化步伐的加快,价值工程理论在各领域的应用越发广泛,尤其是在IT领域,伴随着新技术新产品不断涌现,体系化、规范化的软件项目管理方法正在构建和形成,其领域内的研究与应用也将推动关联产业的成长与发展。本文通过对价值工程和信息项目管理相关内容的分析,探讨如何将价值工程理论应用于软件项目管理过程,为软件项目管理提供有力支持。     

¿Hay evidencia de ciclo político-económico en el empleo sectorial de México, 1998-2013?

This paper looks for evidence of political-business cycles associated to the presidential elections in the Mexican sectorial employment over the period 1998-2013. By estimating panel data models, and controlling for the effects of the major determinants of employment, no evidence consistent with the predictions of the theoretical opportunistic model is found, i.e. whereas employment shows an expansion before and during the elections periods, the estimates are neither statistically significant nor robust. Furthermore, employment does not experience contractions after the elections or the office taking periods. Notwithstanding, the evidence suggests that employment is positively and negatively affected by output and real wages, respectively.     

The Political Economy of Fiscal Supervision and Budget Deficits: Evidence from Germany

In many federal countries, local governments run large deficits, even when fiscal supervision by state authorities is tight. I investigate the extent to which party alignment of governments and fiscal supervisors influences budget deficits. The data set includes 427 German local governments for the period 2000–2004. I exploit a period after a far‐reaching institutional reform that entirely re‐distributed political powers on both the government level and the fiscal supervisor level. The results do not show that party alignments of governments and supervisors (co‐partisanship) drive short‐term deficits. Instead, I find that the ideology of partisan governments and supervisors matters: left‐wing local governments run higher deficits than their right‐wing counterparts; left‐wing supervisors tolerate higher deficits than right‐wing supervisors. These findings imply that political independence for fiscal supervisors is recommended.     

基于LCA的城市绿地管养对环境影响的量化方法探讨

城市绿地是重要的绿色基础设施。城市绿地要实现设计目标,保持长久的景观效果离不开持续不断地养护管理,同时管养工作又会带来物资消耗和废弃物排放,对环境造成负面影响。基于生命周期评价方法(LCA),以资源能源消耗和气候变暖潜值作为对环境影响的主要因子,将城市绿地划分为乔木、灌木、地被和草坪层,建立了管养对环境影响的量化模型。以郑州市郑东新区绿地为研究对象,选取34个植物群落(20m×20m)为样本进行了验证,计算得到各植物层管养资源能源消耗和气候变暖潜值特征量以及管养工作标准化加权环境影响指数。结果表明,乔木的管养环境影响指数最低,比群落均值低32%;施肥和垃圾清运是环境影响的主要因素,占群落管养环境影响指数均值的75%以上;与农林业相比,城市绿地管养环境影响指数处中低水平,但资源能源消耗因子的影响指数偏高。基于LCA方法的研究结果可以为城市绿地设计和精细化管理提供量化参考。     

产品生命周期的研究

产品生命周期是指一代产品进入市场后需求存续变化的周期,而不是指需求量、销量波动变化的周期。我们应当研究细分市场的产品生命周期,根据市场某种特性质变的界面来划分产品生命周期的阶段,才更具有营销意义。现行流行的划分产品周期阶段的四种方法。缺乏理论依据,在应用中有较大的随意性。为此,提出了综合判断法,根据多个判据的组合,定位了产品生命周期阶段之间的界面,并提出了对应的营销策略。     

省域经济双循环的结构演变及其增长效应——基于IRIOT-MRIO表的双元四循环分解

作为国家的一个地区,省域的经济循环存在省域内、国家和全球三层地理边界,仅进行国内循环和国际循环的分解不能很好地反映其与国内其他省域之间的经济联系,因而有必要对省域经济循环进行更细致的结构分解,然而现有文献对此缺乏研究。本文在国内国际双循环的基础上,根据是否有其他省域参与循环引入单省域多省域双循环,进而对省域经济进行双元四循环的结构分解：单省域参与的国内循环为省内循环,多省域参与的国内循环为省际循环,单省域参与的国际循环为简单国际循环,多省域参与的国际循环为复杂国际循环。基于此,通过构建MRIO-IRIOT表测算出2012、2015、2017年30个样本省域16个行业4种经济循环的产出,用各经济循环的强度（产出占比）来刻画循环结构,并对省域不同行业的循环强度按产值进行加权平均得到各省域各经济循环强度,结果显示：样本期间各省域经济的循环结构存在显著差异,并具有不同的演变趋势;总体上看,循环强度从高到低依次为省内循环、省际循环、复杂国际循环、简单国际循环,呈现出“国内循环为主、国际循环为辅”的发展格局,并具有“国内循环增强、国际循环减弱”的发展态势。进一步考察行业层面的4种经济循环强度变化对行业总产出增长的影响,分析发现：2012年后,4种经济循环对经济增长的贡献从大到小依次为省际循环、复杂国际循环、省内循环、简单国际循环,表明循环结构沿着“以国内大循环为主体”的方向演进,并具有“多省域循环增强、单省域循环减弱,省际循环增强、简单国际循环减弱”的优化趋势;省际循环与复杂国际循环相互强化的效应显著,因而加强地区间的经济联系是推动“国内国际双循环相互促进”的有效路径之一。相比已有文献,本文对省域经济的双元四循环分解拓展和深化了双循环结构的量化分析,从动态角度研究循环结构变化对产出增长的影响有助于深入认识不同循环在经济发展中所起的作用,对国内循环与国际循环相互作用的检验则有利于探求国内国际双循环相互促进的有效路径。本文研究表明,“以国内大循环为主体”的发展格局已基本形成,但还需要进一步强化省际循环,“国内国际双循环相互促进”的实现也需要加强地区间的经济交流和合作。因此,要加快建设全国统一大市场,以地区联动的国内循环质量提升促进国际循环结构升级,进而构建更高层次更高水平的新发展格局。     

Entry,trade costs,and international business cycles

Are firm entry and fixed exporting costs relevant for understanding the international transmission of business cycles? We revisit this question using a model that includes entry, selection to exporting activity, physical capital accumulation and endogenous labor supply. We determine that once the stochastic process for exogenous productivity is calibrated to consider the endogenous dynamics in TFP created by the number of firms and the time series volatility of entry is calibrated to the data, our model yields minimal departures from the Backus et al. (1992) benchmark. The richer model shares all of the successes of the previous model in terms of the volatilities of aggregate quantities, as well as its failures, in terms of replicating patterns of international co-movement and the volatility of international relative prices.